美国历届总统简介：第17任总统 安德鲁•约翰逊

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States. He came to power following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808 and grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed to a tailor as a boy, but ran away and opened a tailor shop in Tennessee. At the age of 18 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him how to improve his reading and writing skills.

安德鲁·约翰逊是美国第17任总统。亚伯拉罕·林肯刺杀之后，约翰逊成为了总统。1808年，约翰逊出生于北卡罗来纳州的罗利，他的家境贫寒。孩童时期，他成为了一名学习裁缝的学徒，但是他离开了这里，在田纳西州开了自己的裁缝铺。18岁时与伊莱扎·麦卡德尔结婚，她教他提高自己的阅读和写作水平。

Johnson participated in debates in Tennessee and organized a workers’ party. He was elected mayor in 1833 and sat in the Tennessee House of Representatives two years later. He served five terms before becoming Governor of Tennessee in 1853. Johnson then served in the United States Senate between 1857 and 1862. His political rise was almost complete when he became Vice President in 1865.

约翰逊参加了在田纳西州的辩论会，并组织了工人党。1883年，他选举成为市长，并在两年之后代表田纳西州成为了众议议员。1853年，他成为了田纳西州州长，在这之前，他担任了五任众议议员。18570-1862年，约翰逊成为了国家参议员。1865年他成为了美国副总统，那时他的政治道路几乎已经完成。

With the Assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, the Presidency fell upon Johnson. As President, he proceeded to reconstruct the former southern Confederate States. By the time Congress met in December 1865, mostsouthern states were reconstructed and slavery was being abolished. However, "black codes" to control the freed men were beginning to appear, which caused divisions in his party.

1865年4月，林肯遭到射杀，约翰逊随即成为了美国总统。作为总统，他重建了南部的联邦各州。1865年，国会再次集结，当时大部分的南方各州都得到了重建，并废除了奴隶制。但是，“黑人法典”又开始限制人身的自由，这引发了党内的分歧。

In March 1867, laws were passed placing restrictions upon the President. When Johnson allegedly violated one of these, the House tried to impeach him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted by one vote. Johnson purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. He left office in 1869. In 1875, Tennessee returned Johnson to the Senate and he died months later, aged 66.

1867年3月，通过了总统任职期宪法案。如果约翰逊违反了法律中的一条，国会有权将他弹劾。1868年春参议院将他逮捕，但是他以一票的优势被判无罪。1867年，约翰逊从俄罗斯帝国手中购买下了阿拉斯加。1869年，卸任。1875年，田纳西州让约翰逊返回了参议院，数月后与世长辞，享年66岁。