托福阅读词汇题联系上下文猜词技巧实例讲解

托福阅读的词汇题是比较重要的一类题型，虽然在改革后词汇题数量有所减少，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读词汇题联系上下文猜词技巧实例讲解。希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读词汇题联系上下文猜词技巧实例讲解

托福阅读词汇题如何联系上下文猜词?

这种方法主要根据句子内或者句子间的逻辑关联来猜测词义。常用的有因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、否定关系等等。

联系上下文猜词技巧实例讲解

例1：Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized,disrupted the regular factory routine.Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.

The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. prolonged

B. established

C. followed

D. upset

原句中hurt与disrupt是并列词，含义类似，所以快速确定D选项。这层并列关系是逗号隔开的，在一些句子中，如果看到诸如also/as well as, both…and…, either...or..., neither…nor…, in (the) the same way, equally, similarly/similar to, like/just like, likewise(同样的), while(与此同时), meanwhile(同时), not only...but also... , more...than这样的词也要明确存在的并列关系。

例2：Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Exact

B. Scarce

C. Valuable

D. Initial

分析：

Although指示转折关系，所以前、后半句是相反的含义，前面是limited，所以猜测词汇是limit负面的词，我们可以知道exact表示准确的意思，scarce是指稀有的，和limit属于类似的含义，initial开始的，词义不相干。所以选择C。

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

(1)Between 1900 and 1920 nearly 7.5 million new urban dwellings were added to aturn-of-the-century total of 10 million. (2)In the 1920s another 5.7 million were occupied. (3)Thus by 1930 a majority of urban homes had been built within the past thirty years.

托福阅读长难句解析：难点在于对地道表达和句间关系的理解。

第(1)句，从1900到1920，有7.5百万新住房被增入世纪之初(即1900年)的10百万总量住房中。

第(2)句，从1920-1929，另外的5.7百万新住房被居住。

第(3)句，因此，截止到1929，大多数的城市住房是在过去的30年(1900-1930)建的。为什么呢?因为7.5+5.7=13.2>10，已经超过1900前所有原住房数量了。即(7.5+5.7)/(7.5+5.7+10)>50%。

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

【待插入句子】One of the major effects was the rapid growth of the human population itself.

【待插入段落】Paragraph 1: The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. ■The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. ■However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. ■At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. ■Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.

正确答案为3rd square;

2.插入句子说 重大影响中的一个是：快速增长的人口。那么一定要跟在major effects后面，而我们看到了段落中的momentous impacts;完美的paraphrase，所以毫无疑问就是这里了。

再看段落，组成也很明确：1st为TS主旨句——全球变暖对于各洲的温带(temperate)区域有dramatic effcts。2nd: 西南亚的气候变化更细微。 3rd: 但是，同样的变化循环对人口稀少(sparse)的区域有巨大的影响。4th:在冰河世界末期，只有数千人。2000年间，人口成千上万的增长，都是因为乡村生活和农耕。5th：多亏了新发现，我们知道这种当地生活的剧烈变化。

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

【待插入句子】One example of such tropical abundance is found in Panama, which has 667 species of breeding birds一three times the number found in Alaska.

【待插入段落】 When we look at the way in which biodiversity (biological diversity) is distributed over the land surface of the planet, we find that it is far from even. The tropics contain many more species overall than an equivalent area at the higher latitudes. This seems to be true for many different groups of animals and plants. [■]

Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? [■] Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. [■] The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. [■] But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.

1.首先公布答案：1st square;

2.看到待插入句子中有one example…，这是个典型的论点+论据的结构! 给我们的是论据，那么前面一定要出现论点，这样才能和举例子对应起来。 之后，看看举的是什么样的例子——这样的热带多样性被发现在Panama，有667个鸟类物种，是Alaska的三倍。

3.最后让我们来看一下待插入段落的各个句子：

P1:1st:当我们来看生物多样性(biodiversity)在地表分布的方式时，我们会发现这种分布(it)不是(far from)均匀的(even)。2nd:热带(tropics)比同样(equivalent)面积的高纬度(higher latitudes)地区包含了更多地物种。 3rd:这种现象对许多不同种类的动植物都是正确的。

P2: 1st: 为什么高纬度有(比热带)更低的多样性?

2nd: 可能只是陆地面积的缘故。(托福中经典的自问自答!)

3rd:热带(比高纬度区域)包含了更大的地表面积，有些生物地理学家把这种多样性的差异(differnece in diversity)当成是(regard...as)这种结果(this effect, 只带前半句的热带面积更大)的反射——面积的事实(a fact)在我们看地球曲面投影图的时候并不总是明显的，因为投影(this)会夸大(exaggerate)高纬度地区的陆地面积。(这一句也考到了句子简化题，注意”先大后小”的原则，破折号留到后面读)

4th: 但是KR的数据分析并不支持这个解释。

5th:尽管面积可能导致(contribute to…)生物多样性，它当然不是全部的理由(not the whole story);否则(otherwise),大的地表面积就应该总是有更丰富的物种。 (言外之意是 并非如此。——考察常识)

看完之后就很清楚了，第一个段落讲现象，第二个段落讲原因。而待插入的句子说的是现象，所以放在第一段关于生物多样性的论点后面，perfect。

语法积累

far from… 跟上次课讲过的other than…一样，表示否定。

more…than…;lower…than…; larger…than… 识别比较关系。

regard…as… 被认为...

not the whole story 字面理解为“不是全部的故事”;常用的承上启下转移话题的短语。

词汇积累

diversity 多样性

distribute 分布

even 平均的

equivalent 等价的

reflection 反映，反射

contribute to… 导致

otherwise 否则

托福考试阅读题目名师解析指导

【待插入句子】 Indeed, at the height of Athenian democracy there was no government separate from its citizenry.

Where would the sentence best fit? Click on square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

【待插入段落】 During the fifth century B. C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [■] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [■] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by the supposedly inferior "people," the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [■] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the brilliant unfolding of classical Greek culture.[■]

1.首先公布答案：3rd square;

2.然后我们来看一下待插入的句子：Indeed表示强调，翻译成“确实”;at the height of… 在...的巅峰;还有一个there was no… 用否定来表示强调：没有政府是跟全体市民分隔开的，言外之意就是说雅典的民主程度非常之高。 既然是强调，那前面一定要出现过相应的信息。

3.最后让我们来看一下这一段的各个句子：

1st: 议会(council)在制定(shape)政策上非常有影响力。 2nd: 但在下个世纪，成熟的立法机构(assemby)承担了做决定的职责。3rd: (以除了贵族之外的衡量标准看来，贵族被本应是下等人的人民抢去了风头)雅典的民主是一个巨大的成功. 4th: 空前绝后，从未有这么多人民参与到自我管理的严肃事业中来。 5th: 正是有了参与到公众生活的机会，才刺激了古典希腊文化的发展(unfolding,展开)。

看完之后就很清楚了，整个段落一句话总结——雅典民主很成功。1st承接上文;2nd～4th讲民主如何成功;5th讲民主带来的影响。 而我们要插入的地方在民主程度高的后面，所以是在self-governance后面。放进去之后跟后面也能搭配起来，perfect.

知识小补丁

语法积累：

it was… that… 强调句的固定搭配;

other than… 表示否定，除了... 不是...

decision-making n+ v-ing; 理解的时候就按照v+n来理解，making decision;做决策。

never before, or since 前无古人，后无来者。