托福阅读备考高分标准

由天下分享时间：2022-04-08 10:48:03 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

成绩往往需要在做完题考完试后才能知道，而想要提前了解自己是否具备了在托福阅读实战考试中获得高分的能力，其实还有更直观的判断标准。今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读备考高分标准,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。

托福阅读备考高分标准

托福阅读备考高分标准：对热点高频词汇的精确记忆

托福词汇可以说是整个托福考试的基础所在，听说读写各个部分都有对考生词汇掌握不同角度的考察要求。而托福阅读着重考察的是大家对于词汇含义的精准把握。阅读中词汇题的数量很多，而纵观大部分的词汇题，其中各个选项词汇意思完全不同的情况只在少数，多数词汇题中都需要考生具备精确辨析近义词细节差异的能力才能在相似的选项中做出正确选择。

因此，考生能否对阅读词汇进行精确记忆，将直接关系到大家解答词汇题的正确率。好在托福考试虽然词汇量较大，但阅读部分中将为常见的热点高频词汇数量仍然是有限的，考生只需要做好对这些重点考察词汇的精确记忆，就能具备在词汇方面达到阅读高分标准的基础了。

托福阅读备考高分标准：对答案原文位置的准确定位

第二条判断阅读高分水平的标准在于对题目中选项答案在原文位置的准确定位能力。小编见过不少托福考生其实在理解阅读文章方面并不存在障碍，既能看懂文章也不会花很多时间，但偏偏就是总也找不到题目中选项对应的原文位置。这种缺乏定位能力的问题让他们无缘阅读高分，颇为可惜。因此，定位能力对于阅读来说也是至关重要的。

其实想要提升这方面的能力并非难事，重点在于阅读过程中对细节的关注和记录。大家在阅读文章时需要做到一定程度上的一心二用，或者说保持较为敏感的神经来阅读文章。文章中提到的关键性信息，比如人名、学术名词、数字等等，大家都需要在读到的同时就把所在的段落位置记录在草稿上。这样才能在题目提问相应信息时准确找到原文位置。

另外，考虑到需要用到定位能力的大多是阅读中的细节题，因此大家也要对细节题本身的出题特点有所认识。首先托福阅读每篇文章的题目出题顺序都是跟随文章段落顺序排列的，因此细节题对应的是哪个段落考生在做题时很容易判断，这就能有效缩小大家的定位范围。其次，细节题的出题点经常会涉及到文章的逻辑关系，因此段落中体现逻辑结构的句式更容易成为出题点，比如转折、让步等等。掌握细节题的特点，大家的定位准确性也会有所提升，得分也会更为理想。

托福阅读备考高分标准：对阅读易错选项的正确判断

判断不同选项的对错是大家在做阅读每道题目甚至托福每道选择题时都需要进行的思考过程。而觉得选项对错模棱两可，判断不出正确选项则是高分的拦路虎。其实，托福阅读题目本身就给出了大家不少信息，能够充分审题并发现这些信息的同学并不会轻易陷入无法判断对错的窘境。

比如最为经典的事实信息题和反面事实信息题就是很好的例子，题干中一个EXCEPT或是NOT就足以扭转整个题目的答题思路和选项对错关系，考生审题时能够及时留意到这些信息的话想要做好选项的排除法会变得轻松许多。还有用特定关键词来设置错误干扰选项的思维陷阱套路，大家不要因为在选项里看到文章中反复出现的某些关键词就觉得这是正确选项，先读懂选项的具体含义后再做判断才是正确做法。

诸如此类的选项陷阱还有很多，但套路也比较明显，学会总结和分析自己容易出错的题型和选项陷阱，大家对阅读题选项的判断能力和得分就能得到稳步提升。

综上所述，如果大家能够具备本文中提到的这3类能力，那么在托福阅读部分想要收获高分也就不会有太多挑战了。还不清楚自身阅读水平的同学不妨参考以上高分标准对照一下自己的实力，相信就能对自己当前所处的阅读水平有更为清晰准确的认识了。

托福阅读：备考重点笔记内容

一、推理题的标志

推理题的题干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。

二、推理题的做法

对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。

对于有共性的推理题，也就是题干中有线索的，可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。推理题主要有下列思路：

1.一般对比推理

ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。例如：

It should be obvious that cetaceans–whales, porpoises, and dolphins–are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

There were great numbers of them.

They lived in the sea only.

They did not leave many fossil remains.

根据关键词sea otters定位第四句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds…，由原文的unlike可知sea otters和pinnipeds两种动物与whales形成对比，而且很难想象原始的whales的样子;根据“一般对比推理”思路，可以推出“原始的sea otters的样子不难想象”。第一个选项表达了此意，为正确答案。

2.时间对比推理

这种思路常被考到。在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

例一：

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….

…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

…

It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution

(A)families were larger.

(B)population statistics were unreliable.

(C)the population grew steadily.

(D)economic conditions were bad.

工业革命之后与工业革命之前两个时间形成对比。既然工业革命之后西方世界的家庭变小了，那么工业革命之前的家庭一定比较大。因此(A)为正确答案。

例二：

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

What can be inferred from the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?

(A) They were truly “silent.”

(B) They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.

(D) They corresponded to specific musical compositions.

1927年前后形成对比。既然1927年以前的电影只有音乐而没有配音，那么1927年之后的电影一定有。所以(C)为正确答案。

例三：

“…The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals )with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils, so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles …”

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?

They did not smoke when they were burned.

They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.

They were not available to all.

They contained sulfuric acid.

问题：关于19世纪以前的蜡烛，从第一段可以推出下列哪一点?

这道题的题干中有“19世纪以前”这一时间，由此可见它属于“时间对比推理”思路。原文首句指出：“…19世纪带来了大量新发现和发明，使蜡烛业发生了革命性的变化，所有人都能用蜡烛照明。” 根据“时间对比推理”思路，由于19世纪以前的情况与19世纪形成对比，而19世纪所有人能用蜡烛照明，那么在19世纪之前，并非所有人都能用上蜡烛。第三个选项 “They were not available to all”表达了这一意思，为正确答案。

2.集合概念推理

集合概念推理也可以称之为百分比推断，它指的是在一个集合中，包含两个相对的方面，共同构成一个大的集合。一方所占的比例减少意味着另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味着另一方所占比例的减少。根据这一思路，可以由集合中一方的数量变化推断另一方的消减。

例一：

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.

22.What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

(A) They value folk cultures.

(B) They have no social classes.

(D) They do not value individualism.

原文谈到folk culture 和popular culture两种文化，它们之间形成对比。既然美国和加拿大不再存在folk culture，那么它们就有popular culture。因此(C)为正确答案。

例二：

Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降了。所以(B)为正确答案。

SAT阅读与托福阅读的关系

1. 文章篇幅

若在托福阅读未出现加试情况下，托福阅读考试里总共会有3篇文章，每一篇文章的字数大概是在650到800个单词之间; 但是在SAT阅读里，通常是会包含4篇短阅读以及五篇长阅读，当中就各自有一组短对比的文章与一组长对比的文章。短文章的字数相当的少，大约在100-150个字之间，而长阅读的字数一般在600-800个单词之间，因此从文章数目上来说，SAT阅读更多。

2. 文章题材

SAT阅读与托福阅读的题材都是相当的广泛，通常会涉及自然科学以及人文社科等方面。但它们的文章角度是不一样的，有一定的区别。

托福阅读考试里作者的态度通常而言是很客观的，并不会加进太多的自己有关某一个事物的想法。但是SAT阅读中的议论文中的论证更加明显。作者针对某个观点，某个事件会提出自己的观点和看法，然后加以论证。

3. 题目数量

SAT阅读与托福阅读的题目数量上还是有一定的区别，SAT阅读中的52个题目是在65分钟之内要求考生完成的。和托福阅读相比，SAT阅读的文章更多，题目多，时间也比较紧张。

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